Printed on 2/13/2026
For informational purposes only. This is not medical advice.
The CHA₂DS₂-VASc score is the most widely used clinical prediction tool for estimating stroke risk in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. It helps clinicians decide whether anticoagulation therapy is warranted by scoring risk factors including heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, prior stroke, vascular disease, and sex.
Formula: Score = CHF(1) + Hypertension(1) + Age≥75(2) + Diabetes(1) + Stroke(2) + Vascular(1) + Age 65–74(1) + Female(1)
Disclaimer: This tool is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about your health.
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It is a clinical prediction rule used to estimate stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. Each letter represents a risk factor: Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 (doubled), Diabetes, Stroke/TIA (doubled), Vascular disease, Age 65–74, and Sex category (female). Scores range from 0 to 9.
Guidelines generally recommend anticoagulation for men with a score ≥ 1 and women with a score ≥ 2. A score of 0 in men or 1 in women (where the only point is sex) is considered low risk and may not require anticoagulation. Always consult current guidelines and clinical judgment.
CHA₂DS₂-VASc is an expanded version of the older CHADS₂ score. It adds vascular disease, age 65–74, and female sex as additional risk factors. It is better at identifying truly low-risk patients who may not need anticoagulation.
Female sex is included as a risk modifier because studies show women with atrial fibrillation have a higher relative stroke risk than men, particularly at older ages. However, female sex alone (score of 1) is generally not considered an indication for anticoagulation in the absence of other risk factors.